Use your browser’s Find command or expand a section to locate an example. Review paths, privileges and destructive options before running commands on your own system.
Runs locally in your browser| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| arch | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with arch; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| uname -m | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with uname; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| uname -r | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with uname; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| dmidecode -q | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with dmidecode; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| hdparm -i /dev/hda | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with hdparm; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| hdparm -tT /dev/sda | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with hdparm; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/interrupts | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/meminfo | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/swaps | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/version | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/net/dev | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat /proc/mounts | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| lspci -tv | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with lspci; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| lsusb -tv | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with lsusb; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| date | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with date; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| cal 2007 | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with cal; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| date 041217002007.00 | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with date; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| clock -w | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with clock; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| shutdown -h now | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with shutdown. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| init 0 | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with init. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| telinit 0 | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with telinit. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| shutdown -h hours:minutes & | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with shutdown. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| shutdown -c | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with shutdown. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| shutdown -r now | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with shutdown. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| reboot | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with reboot. Save work and confirm the target system first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| logout | Change the session, boot, shutdown, or runlevel state with logout. Save work and confirm the target system first. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cd /home | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cd .. | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cd ../.. | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cd | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cd ~user1 | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cd - | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| pwd | Work with files or directories using pwd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls -F | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls -l | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls -a | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls *[0-9]* | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| tree | Work with files or directories using tree; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| lstree | Work with files or directories using lstree; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| mkdir dir1 | Work with files or directories using mkdir; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| mkdir dir1 dir2 | Work with files or directories using mkdir; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 | Work with files or directories using mkdir; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| rm -f file1 | Work with files or directories using rm; paths and options determine the exact operation. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| rmdir dir1 | Work with files or directories using rmdir; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| rm -rf dir1 | Work with files or directories using rm; paths and options determine the exact operation. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| rm -rf dir1 dir2 | Work with files or directories using rm; paths and options determine the exact operation. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mv dir1 new_dir | Work with files or directories using mv; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cp file1 file2 | Work with files or directories using cp; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cp dir/* . | Work with files or directories using cp; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cp -a /tmp/dir1 . | Work with files or directories using cp; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cp -a dir1 dir2 | Work with files or directories using cp; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ln -s file1 lnk1 | Work with files or directories using ln; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ln file1 lnk1 | Work with files or directories using ln; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| touch -t 0712250000 file1 | Work with files or directories using touch; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| iconv -l | Transform, compare, or emit text with iconv using the displayed arguments. |
| iconv -f fromEncoding -t toEncoding inputFile > outputFile | Transform, compare, or emit text with iconv using the displayed arguments. |
| find . -maxdepth 1 -name *.jpg -print -exec convert | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| find / -name file1 | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find / -user user1 | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find /home/user1 -name \*.bin | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find / -name \*.rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \; | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find / -xdev -name \*.rpm | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| locate \*.ps | Search commands, files, paths, or text with locate according to the displayed criteria. |
| whereis halt | Search commands, files, paths, or text with whereis according to the displayed criteria. |
| which halt | Search commands, files, paths, or text with which according to the displayed criteria. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| umount /dev/hda2 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with umount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fuser -km /mnt/hda2 | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with fuser using the displayed filters. |
| umount -n /mnt/hda2 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with umount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share /mnt/share | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| df -h | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with df. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| ls -lSr |more | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| du -sh dir1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with du. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| du -sk * | sort -rn | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with du. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| rpm -q -a --qf '%10{SIZE}t%{NAME}n' | sort -k1,1n | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg-query -W -f='${Installed-Size;10}t${Package}n' | sort -k1,1n | Query or manage software packages with dpkg-query for the indicated distribution family. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| groupadd group_name | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with groupadd. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| groupdel group_name | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with groupdel. Administrative privileges may be required. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with groupmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| useradd -c "Name Surname " -g admin -d /home/user1 -s /bin/bash user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with useradd. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| useradd user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with useradd. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| userdel -r user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with userdel. Administrative privileges may be required. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| usermod -c "User FTP" -g system -d /ftp/user1 -s /bin/nologin user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with usermod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| passwd | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with passwd. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| passwd user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with passwd. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chage -E 2020-12-31 user1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chage. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| pwck | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with pwck. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| grpck | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with grpck. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| newgrp group_name | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with newgrp. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls -lh | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ls /tmp | pr -T5 -W$COLUMNS | Work with files or directories using ls; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| chmod ugo+rwx directory1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod go-rwx directory1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chown user1 file1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chown. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chown -R user1 directory1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chown. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chgrp group1 file1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chgrp. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chown user1:group1 file1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chown. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| find / -perm -u+s | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| chmod u+s /bin/file1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod u-s /bin/file1 | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod g+s /home/public | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod g-s /home/public | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod o+t /home/public | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chmod o-t /home/public | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chmod. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| chattr +a file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +c file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +d file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +i file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +s file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +S file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| chattr +u file1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with chattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| lsattr | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with lsattr. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| bunzip2 file1.bz2 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with bunzip2; the options select the format and operation. |
| bzip2 file1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with bzip2; the options select the format and operation. |
| gunzip file1.gz | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with gunzip; the options select the format and operation. |
| gzip file1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with gzip; the options select the format and operation. |
| gzip -9 file1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with gzip; the options select the format and operation. |
| rar a file1.rar test_file | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with rar; the options select the format and operation. |
| rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with rar; the options select the format and operation. |
| rar x file1.rar | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with rar; the options select the format and operation. |
| unrar x file1.rar | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with unrar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -cvf archive.tar file1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -tf archive.tar | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -xvf archive.tar | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| zip file1.zip file1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with zip; the options select the format and operation. |
| zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with zip; the options select the format and operation. |
| unzip file1.zip | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with unzip; the options select the format and operation. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| rpm -ivh package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -ivh --nodeeps package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -U package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -F package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -e package_name.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qa | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qa | grep httpd | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qi package_name | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qg "System Environment/Daemons" | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -ql package_name | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qc package_name | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -q package_name --whatrequires | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -q package_name --whatprovides | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -q package_name --scripts | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -q package_name --changelog | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qp package.rpm -l | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm --import /media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm --checksig package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -qa gpg-pubkey | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -V package_name | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -Va | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -Vp package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm2cpio package.rpm | cpio --extract --make-directories *bin* | Query or manage software packages with rpm2cpio for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpm -ivh /usr/src/redhat/RPMS/`arch`/package.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpm for the indicated distribution family. |
| rpmbuild --rebuild package_name.src.rpm | Query or manage software packages with rpmbuild for the indicated distribution family. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| yum install package_name | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum localinstall package_name.rpm | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum update package_name.rpm | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum update package_name | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum remove package_name | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum list | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum search package_name | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum clean packages | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum clean headers | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| yum clean all | Query or manage software packages with yum for the indicated distribution family. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dpkg -i package.deb | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -r package_name | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -l | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -l | grep httpd | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -s package_name | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -L package_name | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg --contents package.deb | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| dpkg -S /bin/ping | Query or manage software packages with dpkg for the indicated distribution family. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| apt-get install package_name | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-cdrom install package_name | Query or manage software packages with apt-cdrom for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-get update | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-get upgrade | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-get remove package_name | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-get check | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-get clean | Query or manage software packages with apt-get for the indicated distribution family. |
| apt-cache search searched-package | Query or manage software packages with apt-cache for the indicated distribution family. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cat file1 | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| tac file1 | Work with files or directories using tac; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| more file1 | Work with files or directories using more; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| less file1 | Work with files or directories using less; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| head -2 file1 | Work with files or directories using head; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| tail -2 file1 | Work with files or directories using tail; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| tail -f /var/log/messages | Work with files or directories using tail; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) > result.txt | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat file1 | command( sed, grep, awk, grep, etc...) >> result.txt | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| grep Aug /var/log/messages | Search commands, files, paths, or text with grep according to the displayed criteria. |
| grep ^Aug /var/log/messages | Search commands, files, paths, or text with grep according to the displayed criteria. |
| grep [0-9] /var/log/messages | Search commands, files, paths, or text with grep according to the displayed criteria. |
| grep Aug -R /var/log/* | Search commands, files, paths, or text with grep according to the displayed criteria. |
| sed 's/stringa1/stringa2/g' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed '/^$/d' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed '/ * #/d; /$/d 'example.txt from example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| echo 'esempio' | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]' | Transform, compare, or emit text with echo using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -e '1d' result.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -n '/stringa1/p' | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -e 's/ *$//' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -e 's/stringa1//g' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -n '1,5p;5q' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -n '5p;5q' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| sed -e 's/00*/0/g' example.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with sed using the displayed arguments. |
| cat -n file1 | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| cat example.txt | awk 'NR%2==1' | Work with files or directories using cat; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| echo a b c | awk '{print $1}' | Transform, compare, or emit text with echo using the displayed arguments. |
| echo a b c | awk '{print $1,$3}' | Transform, compare, or emit text with echo using the displayed arguments. |
| paste file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with paste using the displayed arguments. |
| paste -d '+' file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with paste using the displayed arguments. |
| sort file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with sort using the displayed arguments. |
| sort file1 file2 | uniq | Transform, compare, or emit text with sort using the displayed arguments. |
| sort file1 file2 | uniq -u | Transform, compare, or emit text with sort using the displayed arguments. |
| sort file1 file2 | uniq -d | Transform, compare, or emit text with sort using the displayed arguments. |
| comm -1 file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with comm using the displayed arguments. |
| comm -2 file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with comm using the displayed arguments. |
| comm -3 file1 file2 | Transform, compare, or emit text with comm using the displayed arguments. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dos2unix filedos.txt fileunix.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with dos2unix using the displayed arguments. |
| unix2dos fileunix.txt filedos.txt | Transform, compare, or emit text with unix2dos using the displayed arguments. |
| recode ..HTML < page.txt > page.html | Transform, compare, or emit text with recode using the displayed arguments. |
| recode -l | more | Transform, compare, or emit text with recode using the displayed arguments. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| badblocks -v /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with badblocks. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fsck /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fsck. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fsck.ext2 /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fsck.ext2. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| e2fsck /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with e2fsck. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| e2fsck -j /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with e2fsck. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| fsck.ext3 /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fsck.ext3. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fsck.vfat /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fsck.vfat. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fsck.msdos /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fsck.msdos. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| dosfsck /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with dosfsck. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mkfs /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mkfs. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mke2fs /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mke2fs. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mke2fs -j /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mke2fs. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mkfs -t vfat 32 -F /dev/hda1 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mkfs. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| fdformat -n /dev/fd0 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with fdformat. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| mkswap /dev/hda3 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mkswap. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mkswap /dev/hda3 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mkswap. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| swapon /dev/hda3 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with swapon. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| swapon /dev/hda2 /dev/hdb3 | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with swapon. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dump -0aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dump. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| dump -1aj -f /tmp/home0.bak /home | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dump. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| restore -if /tmp/home0.bak | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with restore. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| rsync -rogpav --delete /home /tmp | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with rsync. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| rsync -rogpav -e ssh --delete /home ip_address:/tmp | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with rsync. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| rsync -az -e ssh --delete ip_addr:/home/public /home/local | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with rsync. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| rsync -az -e ssh --delete /home/local ip_addr:/home/public | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with rsync. Verify source and destination before running it. |
| dd bs=1M if=/dev/hda | gzip | ssh user@ip_addr 'dd of=hda.gz' | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dd. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| dd if=/dev/sda of=/tmp/file1 | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dd. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| tar -Puf backup.tar /home/user | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| ( cd /tmp/local/ && tar c . ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/share/ && tar x -p' | Work with files or directories using cd; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| ( tar c /home ) | ssh -C user@ip_addr 'cd /home/backup-home && tar x -p' | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| tar cf - . | (cd /tmp/backup ; tar xf - ) | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with tar; the options select the format and operation. |
| find /home/user1 -name '*.txt' | xargs cp -av --target-directory=/home/backup/ --parents | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| find /var/log -name '*.log' | tar cv --files-from=- | bzip2 > log.tar.bz2 | Search commands, files, paths, or text with find according to the displayed criteria. |
| dd if=/dev/hda of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dd. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| dd if=/dev/fd0 of=/dev/hda bs=512 count=1 | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dd. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| cdrecord -v gracetime=2 dev=/dev/cdrom -eject blank=fast -force | Read or create optical-media content with cdrecord using the selected device and options. |
| mkisofs /dev/cdrom > cd.iso | Read or create optical-media content with mkisofs using the selected device and options. |
| mkisofs /dev/cdrom | gzip > cd_iso.gz | Read or create optical-media content with mkisofs using the selected device and options. |
| mkisofs -J -allow-leading-dots -R -V "Label CD" -iso-level 4 -o ./cd.iso data_cd | Read or create optical-media content with mkisofs using the selected device and options. |
| cdrecord -v dev=/dev/cdrom cd.iso | Read or create optical-media content with cdrecord using the selected device and options. |
| gzip -dc cd_iso.gz | cdrecord dev=/dev/cdrom - | Create, inspect, compress, or extract an archive with gzip; the options select the format and operation. |
| mount -o loop cd.iso /mnt/iso | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| cd-paranoia -B | Read or create optical-media content with cd-paranoia using the selected device and options. |
| cd-paranoia -- "-3" | Read or create optical-media content with cd-paranoia using the selected device and options. |
| cdrecord --scanbus | Read or create optical-media content with cdrecord using the selected device and options. |
| dd if=/dev/hdc | md5sum | Copy, synchronize, back up, or restore data with dd. Verify source and destination before running it. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dhclient eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with dhclient. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ethtool eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with ethtool. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| host www.example.com | Inspect or configure networking with host. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| hostname | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with hostname; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| ifconfig eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with ifconfig. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 | Inspect or configure networking with ifconfig. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ifconfig eth0 promisc | Inspect or configure networking with ifconfig. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ifdown eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with ifdown. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ifup eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with ifup. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| ip link show | Inspect or configure networking with ip. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| iwconfig eth1 | Inspect or configure networking with iwconfig. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| iwlist scan | Inspect or configure networking with iwlist. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| mii-tool eth0 | Inspect or configure networking with mii-tool. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| netstat -tup | Inspect or configure networking with netstat. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| netstat -tup1 | Inspect or configure networking with netstat. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| netstat -rn | Inspect or configure networking with netstat. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| nslookup www.example.com | Inspect or configure networking with nslookup. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| route -n | Inspect or configure networking with route. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| route add -net 0/0 gw IP Gateway | Inspect or configure networking with route. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| route add -net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 gw 192.168.1.1 | Inspect or configure networking with route. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| route del 0/0 gw IP gateway | Inspect or configure networking with route. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| echo “1”> /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_foward | Transform, compare, or emit text with echo using the displayed arguments. |
| tcpdump tcp port 80 | Inspect or configure networking with tcpdump. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| whois www.example.com | Inspect or configure networking with whois. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //WinClient/share/mnt/share | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with mount. Verify the target device and mount state first. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| nbtscan ip addr | Inspect or configure networking with nbtscan. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| nmblookup -A ip addr | Inspect or configure networking with nmblookup. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. |
| smbclient -L ip addr/hostname | Access or transfer data over SMB with smbclient using the displayed server and share settings. |
| smbget -Rr smb://ip addr/share | Access or transfer data over SMB with smbget using the displayed server and share settings. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| iptables -t filter -L | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t nae -L | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -F | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t nat -F | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -X | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j ACCEPT | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -A OUTPUT -p tcp --dport telnet -j DROP | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -A FORWARD -p tcp --dport pop3 -j ACCEPT | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t filter -A INPUT -j LOG --log-prefix | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -d 192.168.0.1 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22-j DNAT --to-destination 10.0.0.2:22 | Inspect or configure networking with iptables. Confirm the interface, address, and security impact before applying changes. Review targets and options before running it with elevated privileges. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| free -m | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with free using the displayed filters. |
| kill -9 process id | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with kill using the displayed filters. |
| kill -1 process id | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with kill using the displayed filters. |
| last reboot | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with last using the displayed filters. |
| lsmod | Inspect system, kernel, clock, or hardware information with lsmod; the shown arguments determine the exact output. |
| lsof -p process id | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with lsof using the displayed filters. |
| lsof /home/user1 | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with lsof using the displayed filters. |
| ps -eafw | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with ps using the displayed filters. |
| ps -e -o pid,args --forest | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with ps using the displayed filters. |
| pstress | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with pstress using the displayed filters. |
| smartctl -A /dev/hda | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with smartctl. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| smartctl -i /dev/hda | Inspect or manage a file system or storage device with smartctl. Verify the target device and mount state first. |
| strace -c ls >/dev/null | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with strace using the displayed filters. |
| strace -f -e open ls >/dev/null | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with strace using the displayed filters. |
| tail /var/log/dmesg | Work with files or directories using tail; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| tail /val/log/messages | Work with files or directories using tail; paths and options determine the exact operation. |
| top | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with top using the displayed filters. |
| watch -nl ‘cat /proc/interrupts’ | Inspect or control processes, resources, or open files with watch using the displayed filters. |
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| alias hh='history' | Define or inspect a shell alias with alias; expansion applies only in the relevant shell environment. |
| apropos ...keyword | Search commands, files, paths, or text with apropos according to the displayed criteria. |
| chsh | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chsh. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| chsh --list-shells | Manage users, groups, ownership, or permissions with chsh. Administrative privileges may be required. |
| gpg -c filel | Manage OpenPGP keys or data with gpg. Protect private keys and verify recipients and fingerprints. |
| gpg filel.gpg | Manage OpenPGP keys or data with gpg. Protect private keys and verify recipients and fingerprints. |